Real-Time Wave Propagation
Physics Model
This simulation demonstrates electromagnetic wave propagation through a metamaterial slab with adjustable refractive index, including negative values.
E(x,t) = E₀ exp(i(kx - ωt))
k = nω/c (n can be negative)
For n < 0: Phase velocity opposite to group velocity (backward wave)
Retrieved Effective Parameters
NRW Retrieval Method
Extracting effective permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ) from S-parameters using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method with branch selection.
Z = √[(1+S₁₁)²-S₂₁²]/[(1-S₁₁)²-S₂₁²]
n = (1/k₀d) arccos[(1-S₁₁²+S₂₁²)/(2S₂₁)]
ε = n/Z, μ = nZ