Inertial Navigation System Drift Simulator

Visualize error propagation in dead-reckoning navigation systems and understand why external aiding is critical for underwater vehicles

About This Demo

This interactive simulator demonstrates how inertial navigation errors grow over time due to sensor imperfections. Gyroscope and accelerometer biases cause unbounded position drift that accumulates quadratically. Configure IMU parameters to see how sensor quality affects navigation accuracy.

IMU Configuration

1.0 deg/hr
0.05 deg/√hr
50 μg
10 μg/√Hz
60 min
2.0 m/s

Position Error Growth Over Time

Velocity Error Accumulation

2D Position Drift Visualization

Understanding INS Error Propagation

Error State Dynamics

Inertial navigation errors grow due to the double integration of acceleration and integration of angular rate:

δẋ = F δx + G w

Where the error state vector contains:

δx = [δpT δvT δψT bgT baT]T

Why Errors Grow Quadratically

Accelerometer biases directly cause velocity errors through integration. These velocity errors then integrate again to cause position errors, resulting in quadratic growth:

δp(t) ≈ δp0 + δv0t + ½ba

Typical IMU Classes