Effective Parameter Retrieval (NRW Method)

Extract effective permittivity (ε), permeability (μ), refractive index (n), and wave impedance (Z) from S-parameters using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method.

S-Parameter Source

Select sample data or upload your own S-parameters

Upload CSV (f, S11_mag, S11_phase, S21_mag, S21_phase)

Sample Properties

Sample Thickness (μm) 100 μm

Branch Index (m) m = 0

Algorithm Options

Phase Unwrapping Causality Validation Passivity Enforcement

S-Parameters

Permittivity ε

Permeability μ

Refractive Index n

Impedance Z

5.2 THz

NIM Frequency

n = -2.1

Min Refractive Index

FOM = 3.5

Figure of Merit

Valid

Causality Check